Currently there is no version of the UML concepts, including me also, UML1.1 version and now UML1.4 version I did not feel any different, but in the process of using the Rational Rose is also the only class, association, duties, activities, interfaces, use case, bag, sequence, collaboration, and application of simple state machines, etc., did not seriously consider any specific, detailed questions. OMG is committed to promoting UML2.0 version, I am "confused."
Originally published online in the software engineering expert posted on the discussion of UML UML is only limited to the simple concept of discourse, has been busy now I do not know what its course, the UML extension functions aside, and it is not good sense, but fortunately Zhang Dr. invitation only to find the promotion of UML in the country there are a lot of work to do, I will initially did not intend to explain the original UML-depth discussion of the issue continues, re-introduce some other good implementation experience.
Here, I will not describe UML concepts and usage, this will be the future of software engineering network to tell you about here and we simply talk about the reality of the situation of UML and the existing problems.
(Title word meaning less light to start a discussion. )
1. The direction of thinking
Thinking in the understanding of human history there are many memories of symbols, this is a time of human progress in understanding the human brain because they can not think of all the logical step in place, of course, use of symbols and memory, is derived. UML is also the symbol marking a historic leap forward, we designed the project, the business model in the process of designing a domain model in order again and again the relationship between various objects. So Dugguan said, "Remember, UML is only a symbol, not a methodology." I was in college during the elective philosophy, its curriculum paper was on the application of symbols in the realization of the discussion, so wholly unknown to some local insight.
After I know UML, Rational Rose to stick with the field of modeling, but also the field of software design and co-workers or people on the discussions in this regard, there are many great Rational Rose is also desired, for example, in the design process did not process tracking, only joined in the version UML1.4. UML2.0 version currently in use do not change the re-design of the project process, BUG repair, etc., that rely on other tools to compensate for the shortcomings of the tool, I generally use the microsoft Project to the project tracking and resource allocation process.
View from the application itself, UML is the Large enterprise applications, and I contacted the SMEs (China has no large-scale software companies, large enterprises can not do anything touch me), the practical application of UML for SMEs it is worrying, One theory even more, the second is the actual operation of a group Bingbing.
Why are the above argument, umlchina is the first one introduced UML, I get things from high school, but it is sporadic, this line opened in software engineering UML's column, but the number of articles only a handful, so give us something to good information to learn? UML OO theory is based, regardless of what mode to design my software, UML is the basis of the foundation, Rational company has paid a lot of work here (no longer on the table for commercial purposes).
As we all know: modeling is pre-coded software design (Modeling is the designing of software applications before coding). But for small and medium software, modeling software is a relatively large need for a lot of weak, and needs not modeling, so most of the software development team like the "fight a plan," even had the honor to write out the docs, nor in accordance with the document on a plan to implement, of course, been substantial damage modeling, UML use it not in a group Bingbing?
The actual situation, is worrying, but so can we avoid such problems, first of all to solve theoretical problems and solutions how to use, can improve efficiency and management aspects.
2. UML practical
Rose is based on the best UML modeling, design tools, the industry is in the process of using the sound of praise over the mouth of people who do not practice, good or bad is not good for the tool comment on the (as we say good, I also ...)銆?br />Late last year, I do telecommunications, financial industry people about the application of Rose, we have the same views, Rose is indeed a good thing, but the purpose of the use of different types, with Rose as the object-oriented modeling, Some focus on business modeling, and some do database modeling. I do not use Rose for data modeling, I chose CA Erwin.
In UML modeling language is also a lot before, but instead of these languages there is still major companies to speed up the process of UML is a good thing, but we design theory is not even fully grasp difficult zai.
I am not so pessimistic view, to address this gap can only find the best starting point, and the international development of a modeling standard (this is my idea).
In the process of using UML, Rational or people selected products, or to Rose dominated the field in the business are good at modeling is UML, Microsoft Corporation Voiso is also a good tool, which also includes also UML and related software modeling tools, Microsoft Corporation something very human, but this one was in the UML is the thin, but complementary to Voiso as Rose is good for but, after all, Microsoft's something we are too familiar, and the other is Word and other document editor easy to integrate.
Probably in the last year, there are several User Mail to ask a few questions on the UML design, issues related to industrial automation, when I was traveling, did not give details, but probably have to say about the method and process modeling. But afterwards, I think, the rapid development of various industries in China, today, technology is the rapid penetration, when it was pleased to see the UML modeling deep into the field of industrial automation, before Mr. Gao Zhan is also manufacturing industries like construction with UML model language model, anatomy of the large number of cases, and also develop their own modeling tools, it is rare.
Look on the face of the phenomenon of internal evaluation model appears pessimistic situation, now seems just a transition period, but shorten the transition period is that we should consider what (brothers strengthen Yeah!).
I have the time to join the company at the beginning of several recruitment, there are a lot of job seekers 璇㈤棶 company has anything to do Peixun, Dangshi my answer yes in the training of our company Yi Zhi, Yin Wei Ren Wei training I work there Yu Guo Cheng's, so using UML modeling or not, or use UML modeling in the process of actual operation will be those who push us to learn UML in the outlet.
3. The need for modeling
Software development model is the fundamental, no matter the size of the software, the scope, or the model itself is a systematic understanding of the software developed by a preliminary way. The moment in the needs analysis, we and our customers while drinking tea and talking, when there is no framework for the system in mind, yes, that time we have done, the system model, while in the tea in front of us starting to prove This is a preliminary model, with the work carried out and over time, the basic needs of the model is to model a large deposit of your program, I called in many times the system architecture.
In the present software development process, which must go through several processes are requirements analysis, system design, initial implementation, system implementation, system operation, system maintenance. At these stages, iterative development model we have gone through every stage of the baptism of a system modeling, now Rational's RUP in the system development process is also constrained the free development of our temperament (software development must follow one in the model, rather than our noble sentiment embodied).
The original form of modeling is preliminary, incomplete, and why? Reasons for this: the initial stage of modeling is, to move forward with the implementation of the system, the system model must change, but did not track the process of modeling the process, but to provide a reasonable mechanism RUP - iteration, we solve the system-level modeling of all the problems.
Iterative development process is described, the real model is a description of the various stages of renovation, the idea of the system, and grasp the system development trends, to effectively control the development and system architecture.
When the demand for analysis to a rationalization of the stage, the system model appeared, but now almost all of the companies are "better and more economical" development system, it is a taboo, and sometimes needs to be at a certain stage before exposed, so anxious is not a development of systems.
Patient, reasonable, and system modeling is the way to develop software.
UML gives us a system of standards (on the standard, I have specialized in software engineering article discusses the network), the standard is the standard operation, bound the criteria. With this, we do not need time to develop software dumbfounded.
Effective control of enterprise modeling is to rationalize the process of software development, software quality assurance basis. Is not all businesses are concerned about this? Is not all enterprises are valid throughout the implementation of this?
[Next]
4, process modeling using UML
House staff training day before yesterday to the software development process, some people say that we are all studied in school, and I know that computer science graduates have not studied software engineering if it is something that surprised me, but they told me they are in school at that stage can not be combined with the realities of the system, but (I) that an analysis of, oh, the original modeling process is so simple (the "Oh," I feel my three two-hour training were not wasted).
Since I know the benefits of UML, I am in the training process, the natural method of using UML modeling, UML design concept, at least, from a business model to the application (detailed analysis is in the process I described, will be soon in the WWW. 51CMM.COM.com to meet online with you), the basic shape of the process is a process.
I know from personal point of view to examine the attitude of some of the industry UML biased, biased point there? In terms of ideology, people learn UML or other modeling language at the time, into a fixed state of mind is used and used, does not. Specifically to improve efficiency and learning to use tools, but not to use the tool away to learn to use tools.杩欎釜瑙傜偣涔熸緞娓呮垜鐨?amp;quot;鎴戜笉寤鸿鍏堝Rose锛屽啀瀛ML"瑙傜偣锛屾垜涓嶆帓闄ゅ厛瀛︿範Rose鍙兘缁欏UML甯︽潵鐨勫ソ澶勶紝浣嗘蹇电殑璇尯鎴戜笉寤鸿鍘昏繘鍏ャ?
銆??"缁熶竴杞欢寮?彂杩囩▼"鏄疷ML杞欢寮?彂鐨勫叿浣撳疄鏂斤紝璇存槑UML鐨勭泭澶勶紝灏辫鍒嗘瀽RUP(Rational Unified Process),瀹冧负杞欢寮?彂鐨勫皬缁勬寚鍑轰簡濡備綍姝ｇ‘浣跨敤UML,閲囩敤UML寤烘ā鐨勮繃绋嬩笉鍚屾垜浠湪鍥藉唴浣跨敤鍚勪釜闃舵鐨勬枃妗ｏ紙姣斿锛氶渶姹傛枃妗ｃ?姒傝璁捐鏂囨。鎴栬缁嗚璁℃枃妗ｏ級锛岃嫢閲囩敤UML寤烘ā锛岀劧浠ユ枃瀛楄鏄庝箣锛屾垜鎬昏寰楀鍋氫簡浜涗簨鎯咃紝浣嗚繖鏍风殑浜嬫儏鎴戜竴鐩村湪澶氬仛鐫??
銆??鍞竴鐨勫師鍥狅紝鏄垜浠殑寮?彂灏忕粍瀵筓ML鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉曚笉澶悊瑙ｏ紝灏卞鎴戜竴鏍凤紝鍙互鐓ц懌鑺︾敾鐡㈢殑锛屼絾绂诲紑钁姦锛岀摙灏变笉鐭ラ亾濡備綍鏉ョ敾锛屾垜鍦ㄨ繖閲岃〃绀猴紝鎴戞効鎰忓拰澶у涓?亾鎶奤ML杩欎釜浜ゆ祦宸ュ叿瀛︿細銆?br />銆??鍗曠嫭鐨刄ML鏄病鏈夌敤鐨勶紝灏卞鎴戝憡璇変綘UML鍚勭被鐨勫浘锛岄偅涔堜綘濡備綍鐞嗚В璇ョ被鐨勫浘鍦ㄤ粈涔堝湴鏂逛娇鐢ㄣ?濡備綍浣跨敤锛?br />銆??涓?釜璐┛鏁翠釜绯荤粺鐨勭嚎绱笉瀛樺湪锛屽浣曟姏寮?ML鐨勮瑷?殑鏈韩锛岃繘鍏ML瀹炶川鎬х殑浣跨敤绌洪棿锛屾垜浠湪鎬濇兂浠呬粎瀛樺湪涓?欢浜嬶紝灏辨槸浠ML鐨勬柟娉曘?鎬濊矾銆佸垎鏋愯繃绋嬶紝娌跨潃绯荤粺鐨勬鏋堕?姝ョ粏鍖栦互杈惧埌瑙ｅ墫绯荤粺鐨勭洰鐨勩?
銆??鑻ヨВ鍓栫郴缁熺殑杩囩▼锛屽湪浠?箞鏍风幆鑺傞噰鐢ㄤ粈涔堟牱鐨?amp;quot;鍒?amp;quot;鎶?紝浠?箞鏃跺?浣跨敤澶氬ぇ鐨勫姏搴︼紝鑻ヨ兘澶熷仛鍒版父鍒冩湁浣欙紝杩樹細鍦ㄧ郴缁熺殑鍒嗘瀽銆佽璁°?瀹炵幇涓婂瓨鍦ㄥ洶闅撅紵杩欎簺涓滆タ鍦ㄤ粈涔堝湴鏂瑰彲浠ュ涔狅紝鍏磋RUP鍙互鍋氫綘鐨勫悜瀵笺?
5銆乁ML琛ュ厖
銆??UML骞朵笉鏄竾鑳界殑锛屽浐鐒跺瓨鍦ㄤ簺缂烘喚銆?br />銆??鍦ㄨ蒋浠剁殑璁捐杩囩▼涓紝搴旇瀛樺湪涓?釜椤圭洰鍜屽彟澶栦竴涓」鐩浄鍚岀殑鍦版柟锛岄偅涔圲ML鍦ㄤ袱涓」鐩浣曞鐞嗭紝杩囩▼鏄緢閲嶈锛岃嫢鏈夎繖鏍风殑涓?釜杩囩▼鑷劧浼氭湁濂界殑缁撴灉锛屼絾杩欐牱濂界殑杩囩▼缁欏紑鍙戝巶鍟嗗甫鏉ョ殑鎴愭湰澶ぇ锛岀敋鑷虫槸宸ㄥぇ锛屾棤娉曠敤鎵垮彈鐨勩?鎶?湳浜哄憳鍦ㄤ竴娆′竴娆＄簿鍖栫郴缁熺殑鏋舵瀯銆佸垎鏋愮郴缁熸ā鍨嬨?瀹氫箟鍚勪釜閮ㄤ欢闂寸殑鎺ュ彛锛屾灟鐕ワ紒
銆??鏋嚗锛佷竴瀹氭槸锛屽湪鎴戣璇嗙殑杞欢寮?彂浜哄憳锛屾瘡涓汉閮?amp;quot;鍠滄"鍔犵彮锛岃繖鏄伐浣滐紝涓轰粈涔堬紵
銆??鏅鸿兘鐨勮璁℃槸鎴戜滑闇?銆?br />銆??UML娌℃湁鏅鸿兘搴撳彲浠ヨ瘑鍒畝鍗曟瘮濡傛帴鍙ｅ畾涔夈?绫荤殑瀹氫箟锛屽缓绔嬬浉鍏崇殑妯℃澘锛岃繖鏍蜂篃鏄腑闂翠欢鎶?湳鍙戝睍鐨勪竴涓叆鍙ｇ偣銆?br />銆??UML鎹嗙粦涓棿浠惰繘琛岀▼搴忕殑璁捐锛屽綋璁捐杩囩▼鍒伴儴浠舵垨瀛愮郴缁熺殑鏃跺?锛屼笅闈㈢殑宸ヤ綔鍙互鏈塙ML鐨勬ā鏉夸緵鎴戜滑閫夋嫨锛岄偅鏍锋垜浠紑鍙戣?杩涜姒傝鐨勫垎鏋愬氨鍙互寰楀嚭绋嬪簭鏈韩锛?br />銆??闅忕潃绀句細鍒嗗伐杩涗竴姝ョ粏鍖栵紝浜轰滑鍏冲績浠呬粎鏄竴娈碉紝浠庣▼搴忓紑鍙戣?鐨勮搴︽潵璇达紝绋嬪簭寮?彂浠呬粎鏄郴缁熻璁＄殑涓?锛屾瘮濡傦紝A鍏徃浠呬粎鍋氱敤渚嬫ā鍨嬨?B鍏徃浠呬粎鍒嗘瀽鐢ㄤ緥妯″瀷鍒拌璁℃ā鍨嬶紝C鈥﹁繖鏍峰悇绾х殑鎵垮寘灏嗗浣曞疄鏂斤紵鏄惁浼氬嚭鐜拌繖绫绘儏鍐碉紝鎸夊悎鍚岃璁?Design By Contract)鏄惁鏄繖绫绘儏鍐点?
銆??鍦↗acobson 璁块棶涓浗涔嬮檯锛屻?绋嬪簭鍛樸?璁块棶浜嗚繖浣峌ML涓撳锛屼粬寮鸿皟"璁捐妯″紡"瀵逛互鍚庡缓妯＄殑褰卞搷锛屽悓鏃朵篃鎻愬強AOP鐨勫墠鏅紝浠栬锛?amp;quot;褰撲綘缂栧畬鐢ㄤ緥涔嬪悗锛屼綘闇?灏嗙敤渚嬪彉鎴愮郴缁熶腑鐨勮嫢骞蹭釜瀵硅薄锛屼粖鍚庯紝鎴戜滑涔熻鍙互鍊熷姪AOP鐩存帴瀵圭敤渚嬬紪绋嬶紝涓嶆槸瀵圭被缂栫▼锛岃?鏄鐢ㄤ緥杩涜缂栫▼"銆?br />銆??浠栫殑鎯虫硶锛屾垜鍦ㄥ幓骞存浘缁忔彁鍑鸿繃锛屾病鏈変粬杩欐牱娣卞埢锛屽彲鏄湪BBS涓婅楠傜殑"浣撴棤瀹岃偆"銆傛湁浜涗簨鎯呭彧瑕佷綘鎰熸兂锛屽氨鏈夊彲鑳藉皢鍋氬嚭鏉ャ?
銆??UML鐨勫彂灞曚篃鍙皳浠婚噸鑰岄亾杩滐紝鍥藉唴鐨勪娇鐢ㄨ兘鍔涙垜浠兘甯屾湜鍔姏璺熶笂銆?br />6.鎬荤粨
銆??浣嗘効杩欐涓婚缃戝弸鍦ㄩ獋鎴戝墠鑳戒粩缁嗘?閲忎竴涓嬭嚜宸卞拰浣犲懆鍥寸殑鐜扮姸鈥︹?
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